diff --git a/src/github/common/errors.ts b/src/github/common/errors.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b940f3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/github/common/errors.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+export class GitHubError extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    message: string,
+    public readonly status: number,
+    public readonly response: unknown
+  ) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = "GitHubError";
+  }
+}
+
+export class GitHubValidationError extends GitHubError {
+  constructor(message: string, status: number, response: unknown) {
+    super(message, status, response);
+    this.name = "GitHubValidationError";
+  }
+}
+
+export class GitHubResourceNotFoundError extends GitHubError {
+  constructor(resource: string) {
+    super(`Resource not found: ${resource}`, 404, { message: `${resource} not found` });
+    this.name = "GitHubResourceNotFoundError";
+  }
+}
+
+export class GitHubAuthenticationError extends GitHubError {
+  constructor(message = "Authentication failed") {
+    super(message, 401, { message });
+    this.name = "GitHubAuthenticationError";
+  }
+}
+
+export class GitHubPermissionError extends GitHubError {
+  constructor(message = "Insufficient permissions") {
+    super(message, 403, { message });
+    this.name = "GitHubPermissionError";
+  }
+}
+
+export class GitHubRateLimitError extends GitHubError {
+  constructor(
+    message = "Rate limit exceeded",
+    public readonly resetAt: Date
+  ) {
+    super(message, 429, { message, reset_at: resetAt.toISOString() });
+    this.name = "GitHubRateLimitError";
+  }
+}
+
+export class GitHubConflictError extends GitHubError {
+  constructor(message: string) {
+    super(message, 409, { message });
+    this.name = "GitHubConflictError";
+  }
+}
+
+export function isGitHubError(error: unknown): error is GitHubError {
+  return error instanceof GitHubError;
+}
+
+export function createGitHubError(status: number, response: any): GitHubError {
+  switch (status) {
+    case 401:
+      return new GitHubAuthenticationError(response?.message);
+    case 403:
+      return new GitHubPermissionError(response?.message);
+    case 404:
+      return new GitHubResourceNotFoundError(response?.message || "Resource");
+    case 409:
+      return new GitHubConflictError(response?.message || "Conflict occurred");
+    case 422:
+      return new GitHubValidationError(
+        response?.message || "Validation failed",
+        status,
+        response
+      );
+    case 429:
+      return new GitHubRateLimitError(
+        response?.message,
+        new Date(response?.reset_at || Date.now() + 60000)
+      );
+    default:
+      return new GitHubError(
+        response?.message || "GitHub API error",
+        status,
+        response
+      );
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file